Lower School Core Skills

Mathematical Reasoning

Pre-K, Alpha, Kindergarten, Omega, Grades 1, 2, 3

How can models be used to support mathematical thinking?

In Lower School math, boys use models—like number lines, racks, and arrays—to explore and explain ideas. Through problem solving, class discussion, and journaling, they learn to reason clearly, think flexibly, and communicate like mathematicians.

Alpha, Kindergarten, Omega

How can patterns and structure be used to understand mathematical relationships?

Through hands-on activities like “making 10,” boys discover pairs and combinations that come up again and again—laying the groundwork for mental math, number fluency, and problem solving.

Grades 1, 2, 3

How can I justify my own mathematical reasoning and respond to others' arguments?

In math, boys learn to explain their thinking—and listen closely to others. As they solve open-ended problems and explore new ideas, they practice making clear arguments, backing them up with evidence, and responding thoughtfully.